An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal

Kripa Ram Mehta; Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha

doi:doi:10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

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An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal

Kripa Ram Mehta, Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 1, Issue 2)

Received: 11 September 2016 Accepted: 23 September 2016 Published: 11 October 2016

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Abstract

Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the river system, Bagmati has been destroyed by pollution, the water is black and poisonous, crawling with flies and contaminated with sewage. In absence of proper plans the river’s environment is under intense degradation for last couple of decades. The degradation thus depicts the degradation of the civilization within the river valley. Thus there is an urgent to address the river for its longer life both by public and government.

Published in	Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15
Page(s)	35-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, Protozoans, Algae and Fungi, Macro Invertebrates

References

[1]	Bunn SE and Arthington AH (2002).Basic principles and consequences of altered hydrological regimes for aquatic biodiversity. Environmental Management. 30: 492-507.
[2]	Kushwaha UKS, SP Khatiwada, HKUpreti, US Shah, DBThapa, NBDhami, SR Gupta, PK Singh, KR Mehta, SKSah, BChaudhary, BPTripathi (2016). Modification of Rice Breeding Technology in 21st Century. International Journal of Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol 1 (2): 77-84.
[3]	Hartmann A, Moog O, Leitner P, Sharma S and Stubauer I (2007).Manual for sorting of benthic in-vertebrates from rivers in the HKHregion-standard operation procedure within Assess HKH. Deliverable 8, part2 for ASSESS-HKH, European Commission. 10pp.
[4]	4 Kumar A (1994). Role of species diversity of aquatic insects in the assessment of population in wetlands of Santhal Parganas (Bihar). J. Environment and Population. 1-4:117-120.
[5]	Gyawali D (2001).Water in Nepal published by Himalyan Books and south Asia with Nepal. Water Conservation Foundation. Kathmandu, Nepal.
[6]	Moog O and Sharma S (1996).Biological rapid field assessment of water quality in the Bagmati River and its tributaries, Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Proceedings of the Ecohydrology Conference on High Mountain Areas, March 23-26, 1996, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 609-621.
[7]	Juetter I, Sharma S, Dahal BM, Ormerod SJ, Chimonides PJ and Cox EJ (2003). Diatoms as indicators of stream quality in the Kathmandu Valley and middle hills of Nepal and India. Fresh water Biology 48: 20065-20084.
[8]	Jhingran VG (1982). Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, India.
[9]	Mehta, KR (2016). Aquatic biodiversity of river Bagmati Nepal. Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. Book, pp 1-145.
[10]	HMGN/JICA (2005).The study on the Solid Waste Management for the Kathmandu Valley. Annual Report, 2005.
[11]	ITECO Nepal (P) Ltd. (2003). Feasibility study and detailed engineering design to update master plan for Bagmati area sewage project, final report. His Majesty’s Government of Nepal, pp 1–69.

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APA Style

Kripa Ram Mehta, Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha. (2016). An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1(2), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

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ACS Style

Kripa Ram Mehta; Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha. An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2016, 1(2), 35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

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AMA Style

Kripa Ram Mehta, Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha. An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal. Ecol Evol Biol. 2016;1(2):35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

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@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15,
  author = {Kripa Ram Mehta and Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha},
  title = {An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {35-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20160102.15},
  abstract = {Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the river system, Bagmati has been destroyed by pollution, the water is black and poisonous, crawling with flies and contaminated with sewage. In absence of proper plans the river’s environment is under intense degradation for last couple of decades. The degradation thus depicts the degradation of the civilization within the river valley. Thus there is an urgent to address the river for its longer life both by public and government.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal
AU  - Kripa Ram Mehta
AU  - Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha
Y1  - 2016/10/11
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JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
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AB  - Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the river system, Bagmati has been destroyed by pollution, the water is black and poisonous, crawling with flies and contaminated with sewage. In absence of proper plans the river’s environment is under intense degradation for last couple of decades. The degradation thus depicts the degradation of the civilization within the river valley. Thus there is an urgent to address the river for its longer life both by public and government.
VL  - 1
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Author Information

Kripa Ram Mehta

Department of Zoology, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha

Agriculture Botany Division Khumaltar, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal

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APA Style

Kripa Ram Mehta, Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha. (2016). An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1(2), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

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ACS Style

Kripa Ram Mehta; Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha. An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2016, 1(2), 35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

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AMA Style

Kripa Ram Mehta, Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha. An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal. Ecol Evol Biol. 2016;1(2):35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15,
  author = {Kripa Ram Mehta and Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha},
  title = {An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {35-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20160102.15},
  abstract = {Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the river system, Bagmati has been destroyed by pollution, the water is black and poisonous, crawling with flies and contaminated with sewage. In absence of proper plans the river’s environment is under intense degradation for last couple of decades. The degradation thus depicts the degradation of the civilization within the river valley. Thus there is an urgent to address the river for its longer life both by public and government.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Assessment of Aquatic Biodiversity of River Bagmati Nepal
AU  - Kripa Ram Mehta
AU  - Ujjawal Kumar Singh Kushwaha
Y1  - 2016/10/11
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15
T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
SP  - 35
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3762
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20160102.15
AB  - Bagmati is the most important river of the Kathmandu valley. It is the symbol of civilization and watched sacred in Hindu religion. An assessment were done in 2012-2013 in five sites of Bagmati in Kathmandu valley which revealed that the river is totally polluted with bacteria, aquatic flora and fauna and with sewage. The main tributary of the river system, Bagmati has been destroyed by pollution, the water is black and poisonous, crawling with flies and contaminated with sewage. In absence of proper plans the river’s environment is under intense degradation for last couple of decades. The degradation thus depicts the degradation of the civilization within the river valley. Thus there is an urgent to address the river for its longer life both by public and government.
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
ER  -

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