Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation

Yury Gott; Eduard Yurchenko

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation

Yury Gott, Eduard Yurchenko

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 17 December 2019 Accepted: 31 December 2019 Published: 17 January 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The effect of L-H and H-L transitions on the tokamak-reactor operation is considered. Both initial modes are considered as quasi-equilibrium states with the same thermal energy for constant total toroidal currents. A method has been developed for quantification the change in neutron yield in a tokamak- reactor during these transitions occurring over times much shorter than the plasma energy confinement time. The method is based on the use of duality of solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The arbitrary functions included in this equation were found as a result of approximation of the normalized plasma pressure profiles, presented versus on the radial flow coordinate obtained at the DIII-D facility. To calculate changes in neutron fluxes during L-H and back H-L transitions, we used these plasma pressure distributions for the ITER device parameters presented in Cartesian coordinates. A numerical calculation showed that in the back H-L transition, a large spike on the global neutron production is possible, which was previously discovered experimentally (ALCATOR-C-Mode, 2001). Since such an increase in neutron fluxes during tokamak-reactor ITER operation poses a serious threat to both the personnel and the facility itself, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of such transitions. Thus, it is necessary to develop such a reactor design that would make it possible to obtain a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction in the L-mode operation.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

LH and HL Transitions, ITER, Thermonuclear Neutrons

References

[1]	Kadomtsev B. B. and Itoh K. (1995). “Fast Change in Core Transport After L-H Transition”. Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 16, 335.
[2]	Lawson J. D. (1957) “Some Criteria for a Power Producing Thermonuclear Reactor”. Proceedings of the Physical Society B 70, 6.
[3]	Wagner F., Becker G., Behringer K., CampbellD., Eberhagen A., Engelhardt W., Fussman G., Genre O., Gernhardt J., Gierke G. V., Haas G., Huang M., Karger F., Keilhacker M., Kluber Q., Kornherr M., Lackner K., Lisitano G., Lister G. G., Mayer H. M., Meisel D., Miller R., Murmann H., Niedermeyer H., Poschenrieder W., Rapp H., Bohr H., Schneider F., Siller G., Speth E., Stabler A., Steuer K. H., Venus G., Vollmer O. and Z. Yu. “Regime of Improved Confinement and High Beta in Neutral-Beam- Heated Divertor Discharges of the ASDEX Tokamak”. (1982). Phys. Rev. Letters, 49, 1408.
[4]	Wagner F. “A Quarter-Century of H-mode Studies”. (2007). Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 249. B1.
[5]	Progress in the ITER physic basis. (2007). Nuclear Fusion 47 S1.
[6]	Xu G., Wu X. “Understanding L-H Transition in Tokamak Fusion Plasmas”. (2017). Plasma Sci. Technol. 19, 033001.
[7]	Vries P. C. de, Luce T. C., Bae Y. S., Gerhardt S., Gong X., Gribov Y., Humphreys D., Kavin A., Khayrutdinov R. R., Kessel C., Kim S. H., Loarte A., Lukash V. E., Luna E. de la, Nunes I., Poli F., Qian J., Reinke M., Sauter O., Sips A. C. C., Snipes J. A., Stober J., Treutterer W., Teplukhina A. A., Voitsekhovitch I., Woo M. H., Wolfe S., Zabeo L., the Alcator C-MOD team, the ASDEX Upgrade team, the DIII-D team, the EAST team, JET contributors 17, the KSTAR team, the NSTX-U team, the TCV team and ITPA IOS members and experts. “Multy-Mashine Analysis of Termination scenarios, Provviding the Specification for Controlled Shutdown of ITER Discharges”. (2017). 26-30 June 44^th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics Belfast, Northern Ireland (UK) O4.119.
[8]	Martin Y. R., Takizuka T. and ITPA CDBM H-mode Threshold Database Working Group. “Power Requirement for Accessing the H-mode in ITER”. 2008 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 123, 012033.
[9]	Kim S. H., Bulmer R. H., Campbell D. J., Casper T. A., LoDestro L. L., Meyer W. H., Pearlstein L. D. and Snipes J. A. “CORCICA Modelling of ITER Hybrid Operation Scenarios”. (2016) Nuclear Fusion 56, 126002.
[10]	Sips A. C. C., Giruzzi G., Ide S., Kessel C., Luce T. C., Snipes J. Stober A., J. K., and the Integrated Operation Scenario Topical Group of the ITPA. “Progress in Preparing Scenarios for Operationof the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor”. (2015). Phys. Plasmas 22, 021804.
[11]	Kesner J. and Conn R. W. “Space-Dependent Effects on the Lawson and ignition Conditions and Thermal Equilibria in Tokamaks”. (1976). Nuclear Fusion 16. 3.
[12]	Khosrowpour B. and Nassri-Mofakham L. “The Effect of Plasma Profiles on the Critical Value of nt_E for Ignition”. (2016) J. Fusion Energy 35, 513.
[13]	Zakharov L. E. and Shafranov V. D. “Equilibrium of Current-Carrying Plasmasin Toroidal Configurations”. Reviews of Plasma Physics (Consultants Bureau, New York). 1986. 11, 153.
[14]	Hsu J. Y. and Chu M. S. “Tokamak Equilibrium Profile”. (1987). Phys. Fluids 30. 1221.
[15]	Holland C., Kinsey J. E., DeBoo J. C., Burrell K. H., Luce T. C., Smith S. P., Petty C. C., White A. E., Rhodes T. L., Schmitz L., Doyle E. J., Hillesheim J. C., McKee G. R., Yan Z., Wang G., Zeng L., Grierson B. A., Marinoni A., Mantica P., Snyder P. B., Waltz R. E., Staebler G. M. and Candy J. “Validation Studies of Gyrofluid and Gyrokinetic Prediction of Transport and Turbulence Stiffness Using the D-III-D Tokamak”. (2013). Nuclear Fusion 53, 083027.
[16]	Fiore C. L., Rice J. E, Bonoli P. T., Boivin R. L., Goetz J. A., Hubbard A. E., Hutchinson I. H., Granetz R. S., Greenwald M. J., Marmar E. S., Mossessian D., Porkolab M., Taylor G., Snipes J., Wolfe S. M. and Wukitch S. J. “Internal Transport Barriers on Alcator C-Mode”. (2001). Phys. Plasmas 8. 2023.
[17]	Kikuchi M., Takizuka T., Medvedev S., Ando T., Chen D., Li J. X, Austin M., O. Sauter O., Villard L., Merle A., Fontana M., Kishimoto Y. and Imadera K. L-mode-edge negative triangularity tokamak (NTT) reactor. Nuclear Fusion (2019) 59, 056017.
[18]	Reed M., Parker R. R. and Forget B. A Fission-Fusion Hybrid Reactor in SteadyState L-Mode Tokamak Configuration with Natural Uranium. Fusion for Neutrons and Subcritical Nuclear Fission AIP Conf. Proc. 1442, 224-231 (2012).

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yury Gott, Eduard Yurchenko. (2020). Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation. American Journal of Modern Physics, 9(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yury Gott; Eduard Yurchenko. Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2020, 9(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yury Gott, Eduard Yurchenko. Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation. Am J Mod Phys. 2020;9(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11,
  author = {Yury Gott and Eduard Yurchenko},
  title = {Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20200901.11},
  abstract = {The effect of L-H and H-L transitions on the tokamak-reactor operation is considered. Both initial modes are considered as quasi-equilibrium states with the same thermal energy for constant total toroidal currents. A method has been developed for quantification the change in neutron yield in a tokamak- reactor during these transitions occurring over times much shorter than the plasma energy confinement time. The method is based on the use of duality of solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The arbitrary functions included in this equation were found as a result of approximation of the normalized plasma pressure profiles, presented versus on the radial flow coordinate obtained at the DIII-D facility. To calculate changes in neutron fluxes during L-H and back H-L transitions, we used these plasma pressure distributions for the ITER device parameters presented in Cartesian coordinates. A numerical calculation showed that in the back H-L transition, a large spike on the global neutron production is possible, which was previously discovered experimentally (ALCATOR-C-Mode, 2001). Since such an increase in neutron fluxes during tokamak-reactor ITER operation poses a serious threat to both the personnel and the facility itself, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of such transitions. Thus, it is necessary to develop such a reactor design that would make it possible to obtain a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction in the L-mode operation.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation
AU  - Yury Gott
AU  - Eduard Yurchenko
Y1  - 2020/01/17
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
AB  - The effect of L-H and H-L transitions on the tokamak-reactor operation is considered. Both initial modes are considered as quasi-equilibrium states with the same thermal energy for constant total toroidal currents. A method has been developed for quantification the change in neutron yield in a tokamak- reactor during these transitions occurring over times much shorter than the plasma energy confinement time. The method is based on the use of duality of solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The arbitrary functions included in this equation were found as a result of approximation of the normalized plasma pressure profiles, presented versus on the radial flow coordinate obtained at the DIII-D facility. To calculate changes in neutron fluxes during L-H and back H-L transitions, we used these plasma pressure distributions for the ITER device parameters presented in Cartesian coordinates. A numerical calculation showed that in the back H-L transition, a large spike on the global neutron production is possible, which was previously discovered experimentally (ALCATOR-C-Mode, 2001). Since such an increase in neutron fluxes during tokamak-reactor ITER operation poses a serious threat to both the personnel and the facility itself, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of such transitions. Thus, it is necessary to develop such a reactor design that would make it possible to obtain a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction in the L-mode operation.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Yury Gott

National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
Eduard Yurchenko

National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Yury Gott, Eduard Yurchenko. (2020). Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation. American Journal of Modern Physics, 9(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yury Gott; Eduard Yurchenko. Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2020, 9(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yury Gott, Eduard Yurchenko. Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation. Am J Mod Phys. 2020;9(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11,
  author = {Yury Gott and Eduard Yurchenko},
  title = {Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20200901.11},
  abstract = {The effect of L-H and H-L transitions on the tokamak-reactor operation is considered. Both initial modes are considered as quasi-equilibrium states with the same thermal energy for constant total toroidal currents. A method has been developed for quantification the change in neutron yield in a tokamak- reactor during these transitions occurring over times much shorter than the plasma energy confinement time. The method is based on the use of duality of solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The arbitrary functions included in this equation were found as a result of approximation of the normalized plasma pressure profiles, presented versus on the radial flow coordinate obtained at the DIII-D facility. To calculate changes in neutron fluxes during L-H and back H-L transitions, we used these plasma pressure distributions for the ITER device parameters presented in Cartesian coordinates. A numerical calculation showed that in the back H-L transition, a large spike on the global neutron production is possible, which was previously discovered experimentally (ALCATOR-C-Mode, 2001). Since such an increase in neutron fluxes during tokamak-reactor ITER operation poses a serious threat to both the personnel and the facility itself, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of such transitions. Thus, it is necessary to develop such a reactor design that would make it possible to obtain a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction in the L-mode operation.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of L-H and H-L Transitions on Tokamak-reactor Operation
AU  - Yury Gott
AU  - Eduard Yurchenko
Y1  - 2020/01/17
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20200901.11
AB  - The effect of L-H and H-L transitions on the tokamak-reactor operation is considered. Both initial modes are considered as quasi-equilibrium states with the same thermal energy for constant total toroidal currents. A method has been developed for quantification the change in neutron yield in a tokamak- reactor during these transitions occurring over times much shorter than the plasma energy confinement time. The method is based on the use of duality of solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The arbitrary functions included in this equation were found as a result of approximation of the normalized plasma pressure profiles, presented versus on the radial flow coordinate obtained at the DIII-D facility. To calculate changes in neutron fluxes during L-H and back H-L transitions, we used these plasma pressure distributions for the ITER device parameters presented in Cartesian coordinates. A numerical calculation showed that in the back H-L transition, a large spike on the global neutron production is possible, which was previously discovered experimentally (ALCATOR-C-Mode, 2001). Since such an increase in neutron fluxes during tokamak-reactor ITER operation poses a serious threat to both the personnel and the facility itself, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of such transitions. Thus, it is necessary to develop such a reactor design that would make it possible to obtain a self-sustaining thermonuclear reaction in the L-mode operation.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download