Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure

Chen Dayou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

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Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure

Chen Dayou

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 5, Issue 5)

Received: 28 August 2015 Accepted: 19 July 2016 Published: 6 September 2016

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Abstract

This thesis, after a systematic and in-depth analysis of known nuclides, pro-poses a new model of nuclides’ shell structure and offers a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides. With this theoretic approach, the thesis studies the shell combination with a bias towards the statistical analysis of nuclide structures. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nuclide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (Δ), combination of proton and neutron (p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a quantitative analysis of p/n on the shell. The nuclide structure has the characteristic of a shell and on every shell the combination of proton and neutron features clear regularity. Among the 106 elements from H to Sg the serial number of the most outside shell in structure is 7, and nuclides Ha and Sg are respectively even A and odd A 7 shells. It is not a coincidence but a reflection of the nuclide shell structure. The thesis uses the result of a statistical analysis to confirm the existence of "the magic Number" and reveals the fact that the magic number" is a reflection of p/n on nuclide shell, particularly on the outer shells. The statistical analysis reveals that the nuclide stability and its way of decay are dependent on the nucleonic combination on the most outside shell and the matching between full-filled and semi-full filled p/n, thus unveiling the general law governing the stability and decay of nuclides.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
Page(s)	87-134
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nuclide Shell Structure, p/n (Mass Rate of Proton and Neutron), Criteria of Nuclide Binding, Graphs of Nuclide Growth, Table of Nuclide Shell Structure

References

[1]	Xu Kezun, Chen Hongfang, Zhou Zifang. Modern Physics. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1993, p 506-511.
[2]	Xu Kezun, Chen Hongfang, Zhou Zifang. Modern Physics. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1993, p 511-514.
[3]	Xu Sida. Nuclear Physics. Beijing: Qinghua University Press, 1992, p 22-29.
[4]	Xu Sida. Nuclear Physics. Beijing: Qinghua University Press, 1992, p 256-263.
[5]	Chen Dayou. On Origin and Characteristics of Electromagnet. Xi’an: Northwest University Press, 2008, p 256-262.
[6]	Xu Sida. Nuclear Physics. Beijing: Qinghua University Press, 1992, p 252-263.
[7]	Chen Dayou. On Origin and Characteristics of Electromagnet. Xi’an: Northwest University Press, 2008, p 192-196.
[8]	For the introduction of the experiment, refer to “Physics of 20th” (by Stiff Adams), translated by Zhou Fuxin, Xian Zhihua and Xan Zhenguo, Shanghai Science and Technology Press. 2006, p 121.
[9]	In 1960s R. Hofstadter, et al conducted the experiment on electronic scattering of high energy and discovered that the average radius of charged particles is 0.8 (F) and the rim thickness is t≈0.4 (F). For the introduction of the experiment, refer to “History and Status Quo of the Atomic Theory” (by Guan Hong), Beijing University press, Beijing, 2006, P 220.
[10]	From Evans. R. D.; The Atomic Nucleus, 1995.
[11]	The fundsmental date of the table comefrom: V. S. Shirley et al, Nuclear Wallet Cards, 1979 K. S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, 1987.
[12]	The fundamental data of the table come from: Nuclear Physics, P390~P405, Xu Side, published by Qinghua university Press, 1992.

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Chen Dayou. (2016). Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure. American Journal of Modern Physics, 5(5), 87-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

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ACS Style

Chen Dayou. Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2016, 5(5), 87-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

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AMA Style

Chen Dayou. Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure. Am J Mod Phys. 2016;5(5):87-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12,
  author = {Chen Dayou},
  title = {Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {87-134},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20160505.12},
  abstract = {This thesis, after a systematic and in-depth analysis of known nuclides, pro-poses a new model of nuclides’ shell structure and offers a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides. With this theoretic approach, the thesis studies the shell combination with a bias towards the statistical analysis of nuclide structures. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nuclide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (Δ), combination of proton and neutron (p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a quantitative analysis of p/n on the shell. The nuclide structure has the characteristic of a shell and on every shell the combination of proton and neutron features clear regularity. Among the 106 elements from H to Sg the serial number of the most outside shell in structure is 7, and nuclides Ha and Sg are respectively even A and odd A 7 shells. It is not a coincidence but a reflection of the nuclide shell structure. The thesis uses the result of a statistical analysis to confirm the existence of "the magic Number" and reveals the fact that the magic number" is a reflection of p/n on nuclide shell, particularly on the outer shells. The statistical analysis reveals that the nuclide stability and its way of decay are dependent on the nucleonic combination on the most outside shell and the matching between full-filled and semi-full filled p/n, thus unveiling the general law governing the stability and decay of nuclides.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure
AU  - Chen Dayou
Y1  - 2016/09/06
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 87
EP  - 134
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
AB  - This thesis, after a systematic and in-depth analysis of known nuclides, pro-poses a new model of nuclides’ shell structure and offers a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides. With this theoretic approach, the thesis studies the shell combination with a bias towards the statistical analysis of nuclide structures. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nuclide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (Δ), combination of proton and neutron (p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a quantitative analysis of p/n on the shell. The nuclide structure has the characteristic of a shell and on every shell the combination of proton and neutron features clear regularity. Among the 106 elements from H to Sg the serial number of the most outside shell in structure is 7, and nuclides Ha and Sg are respectively even A and odd A 7 shells. It is not a coincidence but a reflection of the nuclide shell structure. The thesis uses the result of a statistical analysis to confirm the existence of "the magic Number" and reveals the fact that the magic number" is a reflection of p/n on nuclide shell, particularly on the outer shells. The statistical analysis reveals that the nuclide stability and its way of decay are dependent on the nucleonic combination on the most outside shell and the matching between full-filled and semi-full filled p/n, thus unveiling the general law governing the stability and decay of nuclides.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Chen Dayou

Institute for Condensed Matter Physics & Materials under Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi’an, China

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Chen Dayou. (2016). Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure. American Journal of Modern Physics, 5(5), 87-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Chen Dayou. Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2016, 5(5), 87-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Chen Dayou. Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure. Am J Mod Phys. 2016;5(5):87-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12,
  author = {Chen Dayou},
  title = {Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {87-134},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20160505.12},
  abstract = {This thesis, after a systematic and in-depth analysis of known nuclides, pro-poses a new model of nuclides’ shell structure and offers a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides. With this theoretic approach, the thesis studies the shell combination with a bias towards the statistical analysis of nuclide structures. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nuclide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (Δ), combination of proton and neutron (p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a quantitative analysis of p/n on the shell. The nuclide structure has the characteristic of a shell and on every shell the combination of proton and neutron features clear regularity. Among the 106 elements from H to Sg the serial number of the most outside shell in structure is 7, and nuclides Ha and Sg are respectively even A and odd A 7 shells. It is not a coincidence but a reflection of the nuclide shell structure. The thesis uses the result of a statistical analysis to confirm the existence of "the magic Number" and reveals the fact that the magic number" is a reflection of p/n on nuclide shell, particularly on the outer shells. The statistical analysis reveals that the nuclide stability and its way of decay are dependent on the nucleonic combination on the most outside shell and the matching between full-filled and semi-full filled p/n, thus unveiling the general law governing the stability and decay of nuclides.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Statistical Research of Nuclide’s Shell Structure
AU  - Chen Dayou
Y1  - 2016/09/06
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 87
EP  - 134
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20160505.12
AB  - This thesis, after a systematic and in-depth analysis of known nuclides, pro-poses a new model of nuclides’ shell structure and offers a table of the shell structures of 935 nuclides. With this theoretic approach, the thesis studies the shell combination with a bias towards the statistical analysis of nuclide structures. This thesis distinguishes between the basic models of nuclides and gives 7criteria for nuclide binding, the maximal nucleonic number of each shell (Δ), combination of proton and neutron (p/n) and graphs of the nuclide growth. Based on magnetic moment, it also conducts a quantitative analysis of p/n on the shell. The nuclide structure has the characteristic of a shell and on every shell the combination of proton and neutron features clear regularity. Among the 106 elements from H to Sg the serial number of the most outside shell in structure is 7, and nuclides Ha and Sg are respectively even A and odd A 7 shells. It is not a coincidence but a reflection of the nuclide shell structure. The thesis uses the result of a statistical analysis to confirm the existence of "the magic Number" and reveals the fact that the magic number" is a reflection of p/n on nuclide shell, particularly on the outer shells. The statistical analysis reveals that the nuclide stability and its way of decay are dependent on the nucleonic combination on the most outside shell and the matching between full-filled and semi-full filled p/n, thus unveiling the general law governing the stability and decay of nuclides.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download