Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C

Kazuya Hasegawa; Sayaka Akieda-Asai; Yukari Date

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

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Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C

Kazuya Hasegawa, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Yukari Date

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3-2)

Received: 29 March 2015 Accepted: 9 April 2015 Published: 6 May 2015

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Abstract

Depending upon the environment, macrophages can show at least two different phenotypes, including the inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. CD11c–positive M1 macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, which are linked to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Recently, we showed that double-transgenic (dTg) rats overexpressing guanylin (Gn) and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), specifically in macrophages did not become obese even when fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, to characterize macrophages expressing Gn and GC-C (i.e., Gn/GC-C macrophages), we analyzed the expression of the M1 and M2 markers of peritoneal macrophages isolated from dTg and wild type (WT) rats. We also examined the chemotaxis of these macrophages after incubation with MCP-1 or fatty acids. The expression of CD11c, an M1 macrophage marker were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of wild-type (WT) rats. In addition, the expression of IL-1, MCP-1 and chemokine receptor 2 were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of WT rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the expression of M2 markers such as CD206, IL10, and arginine 1 between dTg and WT rats. We also found that the chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages incubated with fatty acids significantly increases compared to the macrophages of WT rats. Our results suggest that the low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and M1 markers in Gn/GC-C macrophages at least in part contribute to the anti-obese phenotype of Gn/GC-C Tg rats. In addition, the accelerated chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages in response to fatty acids suggests that these macrophages can uniquely react to excess fatty acids.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3-2) This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Medicine of Peptide and Steroid Hormones
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
Page(s)	43-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chemotaxis, Fatty Acids, Proinflammatory Cytokines

References

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Kazuya Hasegawa, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Yukari Date. (2015). Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(3-2), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

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ACS Style

Kazuya Hasegawa; Sayaka Akieda-Asai; Yukari Date. Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(3-2), 43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

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AMA Style

Kazuya Hasegawa, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Yukari Date. Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(3-2):43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18,
  author = {Kazuya Hasegawa and Sayaka Akieda-Asai and Yukari Date},
  title = {Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3-2},
  pages = {43-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.s.2015030302.18},
  abstract = {Depending upon the environment, macrophages can show at least two different phenotypes, including the inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. CD11c–positive M1 macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, which are linked to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Recently, we showed that double-transgenic (dTg) rats overexpressing guanylin (Gn) and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), specifically in macrophages did not become obese even when fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, to characterize macrophages expressing Gn and GC-C (i.e., Gn/GC-C macrophages), we analyzed the expression of the M1 and M2 markers of peritoneal macrophages isolated from dTg and wild type (WT) rats. We also examined the chemotaxis of these macrophages after incubation with MCP-1 or fatty acids. The expression of CD11c, an M1 macrophage marker were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of wild-type (WT) rats. In addition, the expression of IL-1, MCP-1 and chemokine receptor 2 were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of WT rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the expression of M2 markers such as CD206, IL10, and arginine 1 between dTg and WT rats. We also found that the chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages incubated with fatty acids significantly increases compared to the macrophages of WT rats. Our results suggest that the low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and M1 markers in Gn/GC-C macrophages at least in part contribute to the anti-obese phenotype of Gn/GC-C Tg rats. In addition, the accelerated chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages in response to fatty acids suggests that these macrophages can uniquely react to excess fatty acids.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C
AU  - Kazuya Hasegawa
AU  - Sayaka Akieda-Asai
AU  - Yukari Date
Y1  - 2015/05/06
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 43
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
AB  - Depending upon the environment, macrophages can show at least two different phenotypes, including the inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. CD11c–positive M1 macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, which are linked to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Recently, we showed that double-transgenic (dTg) rats overexpressing guanylin (Gn) and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), specifically in macrophages did not become obese even when fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, to characterize macrophages expressing Gn and GC-C (i.e., Gn/GC-C macrophages), we analyzed the expression of the M1 and M2 markers of peritoneal macrophages isolated from dTg and wild type (WT) rats. We also examined the chemotaxis of these macrophages after incubation with MCP-1 or fatty acids. The expression of CD11c, an M1 macrophage marker were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of wild-type (WT) rats. In addition, the expression of IL-1, MCP-1 and chemokine receptor 2 were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of WT rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the expression of M2 markers such as CD206, IL10, and arginine 1 between dTg and WT rats. We also found that the chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages incubated with fatty acids significantly increases compared to the macrophages of WT rats. Our results suggest that the low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and M1 markers in Gn/GC-C macrophages at least in part contribute to the anti-obese phenotype of Gn/GC-C Tg rats. In addition, the accelerated chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages in response to fatty acids suggests that these macrophages can uniquely react to excess fatty acids.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3-2
ER  -

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Author Information

Kazuya Hasegawa

Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
Sayaka Akieda-Asai

Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
Yukari Date

Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan

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Kazuya Hasegawa, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Yukari Date. (2015). Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C. American Journal of Life Sciences, 3(3-2), 43-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

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ACS Style

Kazuya Hasegawa; Sayaka Akieda-Asai; Yukari Date. Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C. Am. J. Life Sci. 2015, 3(3-2), 43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

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AMA Style

Kazuya Hasegawa, Sayaka Akieda-Asai, Yukari Date. Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C. Am J Life Sci. 2015;3(3-2):43-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18,
  author = {Kazuya Hasegawa and Sayaka Akieda-Asai and Yukari Date},
  title = {Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3-2},
  pages = {43-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.s.2015030302.18},
  abstract = {Depending upon the environment, macrophages can show at least two different phenotypes, including the inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. CD11c–positive M1 macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, which are linked to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Recently, we showed that double-transgenic (dTg) rats overexpressing guanylin (Gn) and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), specifically in macrophages did not become obese even when fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, to characterize macrophages expressing Gn and GC-C (i.e., Gn/GC-C macrophages), we analyzed the expression of the M1 and M2 markers of peritoneal macrophages isolated from dTg and wild type (WT) rats. We also examined the chemotaxis of these macrophages after incubation with MCP-1 or fatty acids. The expression of CD11c, an M1 macrophage marker were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of wild-type (WT) rats. In addition, the expression of IL-1, MCP-1 and chemokine receptor 2 were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of WT rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the expression of M2 markers such as CD206, IL10, and arginine 1 between dTg and WT rats. We also found that the chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages incubated with fatty acids significantly increases compared to the macrophages of WT rats. Our results suggest that the low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and M1 markers in Gn/GC-C macrophages at least in part contribute to the anti-obese phenotype of Gn/GC-C Tg rats. In addition, the accelerated chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages in response to fatty acids suggests that these macrophages can uniquely react to excess fatty acids.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Characterization of Inflammatory Gene Expression and Chemotaxis of Macrophages Expressing Guanylin and Guanylyl Cyclase-C
AU  - Kazuya Hasegawa
AU  - Sayaka Akieda-Asai
AU  - Yukari Date
Y1  - 2015/05/06
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 43
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.s.2015030302.18
AB  - Depending upon the environment, macrophages can show at least two different phenotypes, including the inflammatory (M1) phenotype and the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. CD11c–positive M1 macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, which are linked to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Recently, we showed that double-transgenic (dTg) rats overexpressing guanylin (Gn) and its receptor, guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), specifically in macrophages did not become obese even when fed a high-fat diet. In the present study, to characterize macrophages expressing Gn and GC-C (i.e., Gn/GC-C macrophages), we analyzed the expression of the M1 and M2 markers of peritoneal macrophages isolated from dTg and wild type (WT) rats. We also examined the chemotaxis of these macrophages after incubation with MCP-1 or fatty acids. The expression of CD11c, an M1 macrophage marker were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of wild-type (WT) rats. In addition, the expression of IL-1, MCP-1 and chemokine receptor 2 were expressed at a significantly lower level in the peritoneal macrophages of dTg rats than in those of WT rats. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the expression of M2 markers such as CD206, IL10, and arginine 1 between dTg and WT rats. We also found that the chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages incubated with fatty acids significantly increases compared to the macrophages of WT rats. Our results suggest that the low levels of proinflammatory cytokines and M1 markers in Gn/GC-C macrophages at least in part contribute to the anti-obese phenotype of Gn/GC-C Tg rats. In addition, the accelerated chemotaxis of Gn/GC-C macrophages in response to fatty acids suggests that these macrophages can uniquely react to excess fatty acids.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3-2
ER  -

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